Cardiovascular complications of burn disease (literature review)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/2415-8127.2025.72.4Keywords:
burns, burn disease, arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, diagnosis, thromboembolic complicationsAbstract
Introduction. Burns are the fourth most common type of injury in the world after road traffic injuries, falls and interpersonal violence. Cardiovascular complications are mostly associated with severe burns, infectious complications with increased length of hospital stay and increased mortality.Patients who have survived burn trauma suffer from negative consequences for the health of the cardiovascular system. Evidence of obtaining information. A retrospective information search of literature sources was performed using the spatial-vector model of the descriptor system based on classifiers, and supplemented by manual search of the literature lists of included articles. Materials and methods. Using the information search engines Scopus, Google Scholar, CrossRef and PubMed, 40 relevant scientific sources were selected and analyzed, of which 97.5% were published in the last 10 years and 72.5% in the last 5 years. Results and discussion. Burn survivors demonstrate chronotropic incompetence. Arrhythmias and heart blocks can occur with any size of burn in approximately 35% of patients. Patients with severe burns have a high incidence of myocardial damage, which can be predicted by the total area of the burn. Heart failure plays a significant role in the clinical picture of burn disease. Diagnosis of myocardial infarction in burn patients can be quite difficult. Traditional markers of myocardial damage in the presence of severe burns are often unreliable. The incidence of deep vein thrombosis was 0.48%, pulmonary embolism – 0.18%, and venous thromboembolism – 0.61%. Patients with a history of burn injury are 50% more likely to develop cardiovascular complications, which can occur 3 years or more later. Conclusions. Cardiovascular disorders occur both immediately after burn injury and years after the episode. Hypodiagnosis of cardiovascular disorders in burn disease contributes to an increase in the incidence of delayed complications.
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