Prospects of using the sodium-dependent glucose transporter type 2 inhibitor empagliflosin in patients with heart failure
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/2415-8127.2025.71.9Keywords:
heart failure, chronic kidney disease, sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, empagliflozinAbstract
Introduction. Heart failure (HF) is one of the most common cardiovascular complications, which worsens the patients prognosis significantly. It is accompanied by the loss of renal function, leads to frequent repeated hospitalizations and death. The addition of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors to the standard therapy has become a real breakthrough in the medical treatment of chronic HF.The aim of the given research is to study potential mechanisms of how to implement the beneficial effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors and improve the treatment and prognosis of patients with different types of HF using empagliflozin.Materials and methods. Analysis of literature sources on the results of existing studies assessing the mechanism of action, clinical benefit and safety of the representative of SGLT2 inhibitors, i.e. empagliflozin, in patients with different types of HF has been conducted in the given study.Results. Empagliflozin is the first SGLT2 inhibitor that has demonstrated cardioprotective and nephroprotective effects in patients with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk in addition to improving glycemic control (EMPA-REG OUTCOME study). Subsequent studies (EMPEROR-Reduced, EMPEROR-Preserved, EMPA-RESPONSE-AHF, EMPULSE, EMPAG-HF, EMPA-KIDNEY) have convincingly demonstrated the positive effect of empagliflozin on the course of chronic heart failure regardless of left ventricular ejection fraction and glycemic status, as well as on improving the prognosis in patients with chronic kidney disease and patients with acute heart failure, while demonstrating a favorable safety profile. The impact of this group of drugs on clinical outcomes in patients with acute heart failure is of great interest for further rigorous studies.Conclusions. The available cardio- and nephroprotective properties of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin ensure effectiveness of its use in chronic HF and/or chronic kidney disease regardless of the presence of type 2 diabetes. They also demonstrate favorable prospects in improving the prognosis of patients hospitalized with acute HF.
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